A new profession -- in classical music?

Well, you know that many new and prosperous professions nowadays didn't exist like 10 years ago, such as social media manager (or consultant) or anything to do with mobile phones and apps. That's how I feel now in Indonesia as a (classical music) composer. My European colleagues who are reading this might feel strange .... but yeah, classical music, in spite of its term, is something new to us Indonesians, starting from the second half of the last century. We do have pioneers of classical music composers, such as Amir Pasaribu (who died a few years ago with 92 years of age, after around 30 or more years of his last years not composing anything) or, still very much around us, the 80-year-young Trisutji Kamal. But now that the classical music scene is so robust in Indonesia, I am working with so many young (and not so young too) musicians who are playing my music, either as part of their educational purposes or with the intention of performing it professionally. ............................................................................................................................................. Before this, classical musicians are faced with music by dead composers only. You have all the materials provided, besides the music sheet. Now with the existence of youtube, you can even have all the historical recordings, you name it, Glenn Gould, Artur Rubinstein even going back to the recording of the composers themselves such as Rachmaninov or Prokofiev playing their own music (which sometimes are not so brilliant as other pianists performing their music. Even Rachmaninov admitted that about Vladimir Horowitz, as you know). So, you pick a Bach French Suite and you can listen to a few hundred different recordings, most of them artistically of high quality. You choose the best according to you, or the one you feel closest too, and there you get a clear concept of the music. You might not be able to imitate it (who could imitate Gould?), but you work on that piece of music with the sound of your favorite recording in your head, but mostly not your own idea. So, you are already conditioned to a specific interpretation of the music, not the music itself. ............................................................................................................................................. With newly written music, you are demanded to have a clear idea YOURSELF of the musical concept and its character. It's perhaps (a bit) easier if you are a singer, since you have the words to start with, although sometimes a poem could be so complex that it's the music that helps you feel the atmosphere between the words. But if it's a piece of instrumental music, well, it does need your musical sensitivity to grasp its idea. ............................................................................................................................................. This is why a new piece of music is very important in music competitions. It's much easier to perform a piece of music that has a "history" ---and like any history, it has so many different versions--- but it is through an interpretation of a really new piece of music that we can really see the artistic abilities of a musician. Nowadays we don't need more musicians who can read notes so well and play it with the nimblest of fingers; it is already expected from any musician. We need musicians who understand what lies between those notes, even though (s)he has never heard that music before. ............................................................................................................................................. So, for you who are performing my piano pieces in the next Ananda Sukarlan Award competition, you might have acquired my newest CD, A Virtuosic Christmas. I play some of the works that you could choose among the obligatory works to play there. But remember, I am counting on YOU to play it better. You've gotta be able to see other points of views, other ideas, other musical concept of it. I played it as an INTERPRETER, not as a composer anymore, as any pianist-composer could tell you when they are performing their own works. I have heard my music performed differently than I had in mind before, and many times. And some of them, I must say, are excellent. There are fresh approaches in some pieces on Henoch Kristianto's recordings of some of my Rapsodia Nusantara, and some performances of Edith Widayani were also more than artistically very admirable. And I must say that until now, nobody (I include myself here) matches the brilliance of Anthony Hartono's performance of Rapsodia Nusantara no. 10. I am just sooo much looking forward to hearing a mindblowing performance of some of my works in the next competition next July.

Amir Pasaribu : a brief encounter

I start this with a confession : I am a (classical music) pianist and composer, and I also don't know much about Amir Pasaribu. I use the word "also" since we know how unknown is Amir Pasaribu in his own country. But that's quite understandable; I mean, if you go to the streets of Copenhagen and ask the people who Carl Nielsen was, most probably 50% of them won't be able to answer either. It's a totally different case with Jean Sibelius, since the Finnish government has built a Sibelius Park, Sibelius Academy of Music ....and any composer would know his name from the computer program : Sibelius.

The worst thing about the anonymity of Amir Pasaribu is that he is unknown to the classical music society in Indonesia who in fact owes him a great deal. Even in Medan, where he was born (and died on the 10th of February last week), I remember mentioning his name to the music students at a music academy, and most of them didn't know who he is. Now with facebooks, twitters etc, most of those cyber-fan clubs of classical music showed a kind of indifference upon his death. I think it is because the classical music society in Indonesia has established a strange criteria for composers who "deserve to be recognized" : they are usually white and dead. Well Michael Jackson isn't exactly the guy who fits this criteria ; I mean long dead, and really white-skinned, you know, like Tschaikovsky or Beethoven. Amir Pasaribu realized this too well to be able to advise me during our first and last meeting : "Stay abroad. In this country artists are not appreciated". He meant local artists, obviously. Local pop or rock musicians have managed to flourish in Indonesia, but classical musicians and composers still have to face the resistance of our own colleagues.

OK, OK, Pasaribu hasn't written so much music (in a span of a few years, I could say I've written more music than him, but I also have a much better life quality than him back in the 1950s), but what he has done was entering new territories of music which no man in Indonesia has gone before. He was the first Indonesian composer who explored the polytonality, polyrhythms, new scales and modes etc.; yeah it was discovered by Stravinsky and other Europeans, but he was the first to apply those techniques to music which has an Indonesian character, therefore manifested that the Europeans don't have an exclusive ownership to those techniques. I guess it was because he was an adventurer and a groundbreaking composer that he couldn't write so much music (in quantity) ; he had to work out many new things so that they could stand "the test of time". Other composers like me are having all those served on a golden tray. I do admit that I owe a lot of compositional ideas and methods from people like Pasaribu (and Stravinsky, Britten and others, naturally, but I do think Pasaribu has established a new sound, only possible written by an Indonesian composer) : methods that THEY have proved to function properly in musical compositions therefore is ready to be used by "lazy" composers in the future (like me). And yeah, composer don't have to be a pioneer or a groundbreaker (like most of us are not), so if he or she is one, they should be given merit for that. It is thanks to those pioneers that my and other Indonesian composer's job (and life) are now easier !

Bersua dengan AMIR PASARIBU

(This is an article of mine which appeared at an Indonesian e-newspaper 2 years ago).

Suatu hari datang satu e-mail dari seseorang bernama Nurman Pasaribu yang ditujukan ke saya. Sungguh suatu surprise! Ternyata Beliau adalah putra dari komponis yang selama ini karya-karyanya saya kagumi dan sering dimainkan, tetapi saya selalu mengira Beliau sudah meninggal (Amir Pasaribu lahir pada tahun1915). Nurman sendiri telah berkeluarga dan tinggal di Belanda. Dari Latifah Kodijat, seorang pengajar senior di Jakarta, beberapa tahun lalu saya mendapatkan banyak partitur dari Amir Pasaribu. Dua sonata untuk piano (yang no. 2 hanya bagian pertamanya saja yang partiturnya saya miliki), karya-karya kecil lainnya seperti The juggler's meeting, Puisi Bagor, Capung Kecimpung di Cikapundung dan Variasi Sriwijaya. Dari karya-karya tersebut, ada sekitar 5 karya yang saya terus mainkan di berbagai penjuru dunia, sedangkan yang lainnya tersimpan di perpustakaan saya karena banyak not-not yang salah kutip ataupun meragukan.

Sejak email pertama dari Nurman, saya kemudian banyak bertukar e-mail dengannya, juga dengan putrinya, Gonny Pasaribu. Kebetulan, bulan Desember lalu saya diundang oleh Medan Musik untuk menjadi juri Samick Piano Competition di Medan. Nurman langsung menganjurkan saya untuk menyempatkan diri berkunjung ke rumah Amir Pasaribu. "Datang saja", kata Nurman lewat telpon, "Tidak usah telpon dulu. Pappie (sebutannya untuk ayahnya) sudah di kursi roda, dan tidak pernah kemana-mana, dan pasti senang dikunjungi Ananda. Beliau sering menyebut nama anda." Ternyata, pernah ada satu artikel yang ditulis kritikus dan musikolog Bintang Prakarsa di satu harian di Indonesia yang menyebutkan bahwa saya adalah satu-satunya pianis Indonesia yang tetap memainkan karya-karyanya di luar negeri. Apa itu benar, saya sendiri tidak tahu. Yang saya tahu, ya itu tadi, saya selalu memainkan karya komponis dari negeri saya yang saya kira sudah masuk club yang saya bisa namakan "Dead Composers Society" yang anggota-anggotanya bisa disebut dari Beethoven, Bach, sampai Toru Takemitsu atau Mochtar Embut.

Jadilah hari Minggu pagi itu, setelah saya tiba di Medan hari sebelumnya, saya bersama teman & manager saya, Chendra, naik taxi dari hotel menuju ke Karya Wisata, alamat yang kami dapat dari Nurman. Rencananya kami hanya akan sebentar saja. Setelah agak berputar-putar Medan dan bertanya-tanya (saya sebenarnya cukup kaget karena orang Medan, termasuk para siswa/i musik, tidak mengenal namanya. Itulah nasib seorang seniman musik sastra di Indonesia!). Akhirnya kami tiba, dan mengetuk pintu. Tidak ada jawaban. Ketuk lagi. Sama saja. .... "Tuh, mungkin sedang ke gereja," kata Chendra. Saya tidak menyerah. Mengetuk lagi. Tidak ada reaksi. Kami kemudian berputar, ingin bertanya ke tetangga apa benar ini rumah Amir Pasaribu. Ketika kami sampai di pintu gerbang, tiba-tiba pintu rumah bergoyang-goyang. Tapi tidak terbuka! Situasi ini mungkin hanya memakan waktu satu menit, tapi rasanya lama sekali karena kami bingung, kok surealis banget! Akhirnya, pintu terbuka, dan kami jadi mengerti kenapa hal itu terjadi. Muncul seseorang tua di kursi roda, memakai kaos oblong putih dan sarung. Langsung saya datangi. "Pak Amir Pasaribu?" "Siapa anda?" teriaknya. "Saya Ananda Sukarlan, Pak." "Siapaaa?" "Ananda Sukarlan, seorang pianis, Pak.""Siapaaa?" Membaca situasi lebih cepat dari saya, Chendra mendekati telinganya, dan berteriak "Ananda Sukarlan Pak, pianis yang tinggal di Spanyol!""Ooooooh!" Kegembiraan terpancar di wajahnya yang tadinya kelihatan galak. Beliau langsung menyodorkan tangannya untuk bersalaman. "Ik ken jouw naam (saya tahu nama anda)!" dan setelah Chendra memperkenalkan dirinya juga, kami duduk dan mengobrol di teras.

Terus terang, saya selalu grogi bertemu dengan orang baru, apalagi ini seseorang yang saya selalu kagumi, senior, dan notabene sudah tuli. Saya membayangkan menit-menit keheningan pasti akan terjadi, di mana saya tidak tahu harus omong apa. Ternyata, pak Amir orangnya banyak bicara, dan antusias sekali. Beliau lebih fasih berbahasa Belanda, jadi akhirnya percakapan berganti bahasa. Chendra yang tidak mengerti satu kata pun jadi gelisah, dan akhirnya mengambil kamera. Ceklak, ceklek ... Daripada nganggur dan tidak mengerti!

Sambil mendengarkannya berbicara, saya mengamati fisiknya. Luar biasa sekali orang ini. Umurnya 92 tahun, karakternya yang kuat masih bersinar di wajahnya. Yang menarik perhatian saya adalah telinganya yang besar, yang mengingatkan saya ke komik Tintin tentang patung-patung bertelinga panjang di Pulau Paskah. Masih ada sangat sedikit rambut putih dipotong pendek sekali walaupun sebagian besar sudah botak, dan sudah ompong. Kelihatan sekali bahwa pak Amir adalah orang yang tidak doyan berkompromi, keras dan punya pendapat yang kokoh dan sulit dibengkokkan tentang banyak hal.

"Saya menderita Alzheimer", katanya. Wow, saya hampir tidak percaya. Banyak sekali yang Beliau masih ingat. "Gimana guru anda, Oey Tjong Lee?" tanyanya. "Sudah meninggal, Pak" (Tjong Lee adalah Rudy Laban, mantan guru saya di Jakarta sebelum saya meninggalkan tanah air). "Ooooh", kegetiran, seperti semua ekspresi yang dirasakannya, langsung terpancar kuat. Raut wajahnya memang ekspresif sekali. "Usianya masih sangat muda." Kemudian, Pak Amir juga menyebut tentang "Tisna" (alm. Ny. Charlotte Sutisna, yang ditahun 60-an sangat berdedikasi untuk memainkan karya-karyanya. Rekamannya dari banyak karyanya yang dibuat di RRI akan sangat membantu saya untuk merekam kembali karya-karya tersebut, kali ini dengan teknik digital yang tinggi dan mikrofon serta studio yang 100x lebih canggih dan betapa Beliau kehilangan setelah ia meninggal. "Kawan-kawan saya terdekat kini sudah meninggal. Itulah kalau orang bertahan sampai usia lanjut, jadinya kesepian." Saya jadi ingat pernah membaca bahwa Stravinsky, semakin lanjut usianya, karya-karyanya semakin banyak yang berjudul "In Memoriam". Sebut saja: I.M. Aldous Huxley, Dylan Thomas ... itu semua ditulisnya saat ia berusia sekitar 80 tahun.

Saya juga kaget Pak Amir tahu tentang Michael Jackson. "Musik jaman sekarang, tambah lama tambah jelek ("verschikelijk"). Itu bukan seni. Itu bikin masyarakat tambah tolol". Terus terang, saya ada setujunya dengan pendapat ini, walaupun tentu saja saya tidak setuju tentang Michael Jackson, terutama hasil karyanya sewaktu ia masih berkulit hitam di tahun 80-an. "Beethoven, Brahms, Bartok, sudah tidak ada lagi komponis-komponis seperti mereka zaman sekarang. Musik pop dan rock itu sudah tidak dapat disebut musik lagi". Wah, Pak, untungnya tidak sempat mengenal musik-musik avant-garde model Stockhausen dan Boulez; kalau musik pop saja sudah tidak bisa disebut musik, lalu musik avant-garde disebut apa???

Beliau banyak tahu tentang saya. Salah satu buktinya seperti di atas, Beliau mengetahui dengan siapa saja saya telah berguru. Satu anjurannya (yang tentu saja saya sudah turuti) adalah "Blijf buitenland" (tetaplah tinggal di luar negeri). "Di sini seniman tidak dihargai," ujarnya. Beliau juga menyayangkan banyak partiturnya yang tersebar dan hilang, karena sering pindah rumah dan juga rumahnya pernah kemasukan maling. Andaikan saja maling itu tahu betapa berharganya kertas-kertas yang dicurinya!

Sulit sekali untuk pamit. Beliau sangat menikmati kunjungan dari siapa pun. Senang mengobrol, dan yang diajak mengobrol pun ketagihan. Tapi akhirnya kami pun harus balik ke hotel. Yang jelas, saya sudah mendapatkan izinnya untuk merekam seluruh karya musiknya. Lebih dari izin, Beliau "lega bahwa musik saya ada di tangan yang baik" (dalam dunia piano, kalimat ini bisa diterjemahkan secara harafiah). Pertanyaan terakhir dari Beliau, "Kapan saya bisa dengar rekaman permainan kamu? Jangan lupa, saya tidak punya banyak waktu lagi." Saya hanya bisa menjawab "Iya, Pak" .... Dan pamit pulang.

Yang masih merupakan misteri untuk saya adalah mengapa Amir Pasaribu berhenti berkarya pada tahun 70-an, di saat Beliau berumur 60-an? Usia itu, untuk jaman sekarang, relatif muda untuk berhenti berkarya. Inspirasi kering? Motivasi kurang? Bagaimana pun, tidak seperti Jean Sibelius yang berhenti berkarya saat usia 50 tahun tapi hingga kini tetap beredar gossip-gossip bahwa ada karya-karya yang ditulis setelahnya (seperti Simfoni no. 8), dalam hal Amir Pasaribu cukup jelas. Beliau memang telah berhenti berkarya sejak lama. Sebetulnya yang saya lebih sayangkan adalah partitur-partitur yang hilang entah kemana. Sewaktu saya bilang bahwa putranya telah berhasil mengumpulkan sekitar 25 karya untuk piano, pak Amir berkata "Sebetulnya sangat lebih dari segitu. Tapi, ada di mana musik-musik itu, tidak ada yang tahu. Sudah, lupakan saja." Wah, maaf Pak, tidak bisa saya lupakan. Itu aset negara sebetulnya. Sayangnya, hanya beberapa orang saja yang sadar betapa bernilainya itu. Sayangnya, nilainya bukan berupa uang, dan kalau bukan uang, di abad 21 ini namanya bukan nilai .....

Ananda Sukarlan,
komponis & pianis.

Why no "Sukarlan plays Sukarlan" ?

My manager Chendra Panatan has always been bombarded with this question (especially by many, many young pianists) : Why doesn't AS record and play his own piano music ? He's always answered with "Later perhaps", but now I will tell you the exact reasons why.

1. There are still not so many pianists who play my pieces, so I do not want to dictate them how to interpret my own music. Ok, ok, Rachmaninov as a pianist or Samuel Barber as a baritone were the best interpreters of their own music, but how many composers could claim it so? I am always surprised in listening to other people performing my music ; I always found new things which I even didn't realize before in my music. The good musicians always find new points of view in looking at the music. Don't misinterpret me as an idiot ! It's true, I tell you. It has happened also in the opposite way, when I am interpreting someone elses music. Sir Michael Tippett, Peter Sculthorpe and many others have expressed this to me (and in case of Sir Michael, God bless his soul, spoke it out loud on BBC Radio 3!) when they listened to my playing of their music.

2. You must understand that composing is one thing, being an interpreter is another thing. My interpretation of my own music doesn't make it more "authentic" than other (hopefully better) musician's interpretation. As a pianist, my position is exactly the same when I am playing Beethoven or when I am playing Ananda Sukarlan. The composer/conductor Andre Previn told me once that good music is always better than its performance. Therefore, nobody yet can achieve what Beethoven really wanted his music to sound. His music is still far better than any interpretations of it. In my case, it's the contrary : I am counting on my musicians to make my music sound BETTER than I wrote it !

3. I prefer at the moment to record music by other composers who I esteem highly. Especially now I am focusing myself on my Indonesian composers colleagues. Almost nobody cares about their music, and those who care, cannot play the piano ! Some of our senior composers such as Amir Pasaribu and Trisutji Kamal deserve to have recordings of their piano music NOW (to be precise, it's been long overdue). In case of the late Yazeed Djamin, there is also a feeling of friendship besides admiration. I am proud of their music, and I wish that Indonesian musicians could be proud of their composers. Who else but us, Indonesians, can introduce those composers ? They are not even known in our own country.